Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a framework developed by the Centre for Applied Special Technology (CAST) to help improve and optimise teaching and learning using scientific insights into how humans learn. UDL is an approach that aims to minimise learning barriers by providing greater flexibility and utilising different teaching methods based on individual student’s context, skills, and interests. UDL guidelines are anchored on three overarching principles: providing multiple means of engagement (the ‘why’ of learning); providing multiple means of representation (the ‘what’ of learning); and providing multiple means of action and expression (the ‘how’ of learning).